详解Windows Phone Mango的本地数据库

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5月30日,微软发布了Windows Phone 7一个重大的更新,代号“Mango(芒果)”,在这次更新中,微软加入了很多新特性。本文我们将介绍Windows Phone Mango最新加入的本地数据库。

终于在Windows Phone Mango中加入了数据库,使保存、查找、插入数据不再痛苦。在Windows Phone 7中如果要做到这些,要么使用XML自已实现,要么使用第三方数据库,但是第三方数据库要么性能不好,要么占用空间太大,要么收费,现在总算有原生的本地数据库了。

架构

架构

这个本地数据库,不能直接支持Transact-SQL,需要通过LINQ to SQL 对象模型作为Proxy来操作数据库,为此引入了一个新的类System.Data.Linq.DataContext。这与windows mobile上的SQL CE有了很大的差别。

 LINQ to SQL

在Windows Phone中,LINQ to SQL既不能直接支持执行Data Definition Language(DDL)也不支持Data Modeling Language(DML),另外也不能直接访问ADO.NET。只能支持Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition (SQL CE)的数据类型。并且需要通过DataContext方式来操来数据库。

支持的数据类型

数据类型

描述

bigint

Integer (whole number) data from –2^63 (–9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2^63–1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807). Storage size is 8 bytes.

integer

Integer (whole number) data from –2^31 (–2,147,483,648) through 2^31–1 (2,147,483,647).

Storage size is 4 bytes.

smallint

Integer data from –32,768 to 32,767. Storage size is 2 bytes.

tinyint

Integer data from 0 to 255. Storage size is 1 byte.

bit

Integer data with a value of either 1 or 0.

Storage size is 1 bit.

numeric (p, s)

Synonyms:

decimal(p,s) and dec (p,s)

Fixed-precision and scale-numeric data from –10^38+1 through 10^38–1. The p variable specifies precision and can vary between 1 and 38. The s variable specifies scale and can vary between 0 and p.

Storage size is 19 bytes.

money

Monetary data values from (–2^63/10000) (–922,337,203,685,477.5808) through 2^63–1 (922,337,203,685,477.5807), with accuracy to a ten-thousandth of a monetary unit. Storage size is 8 bytes.

float

Floating point number data from –1.79E +308 through 1.79E+308

Storage size is 8 bytes.

real

Floating precision number data from –3.40E+38 through 3.40E+38.

Storage size is 4 bytes.

datetime

Date and time data from January 1, 1753, to December 31, 9999, with an accuracy of one three-hundredth second, or 3.33 milliseconds. Values are rounded to increments of .000, .003, or .007 milliseconds.

Stored as two 4-byte integers. The first 4 bytes store the number of days before or after the base date, January 1, 1900. The base date is the system's reference date. Values for datetime earlier than January 1, 1753, are not permitted. The other 4 bytes store the time of day represented as the number of milliseconds after midnight. Seconds have a valid range of 0–59.

Format Example

yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss 1947/08/15 03:33:20

mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss 04/15/1947 03:33:20

dd mmm yyyy hh:mm:ss 15 Jan 1947 03:33:20

dd mmmm yyyy h:mm:ss 15 January 1947 03:33:20

national character(n)

Synonym:nchar(n)

Fixed-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 4000 characters. Default length = 1. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

national character varying(n)

Synonym:nvarchar(n)

Variable-length Unicode data with a length of 1 to 4000 characters. Default length = 1. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

ntext¹

Variable-length Unicode data with a maximum length of (2^30–2)/2 (536,870,911) characters. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

Note

ntext is no longer supported in string functions.

nchar

Fixed-length Unicode character data of n characters. n must be a value from 1 through 4,000. The storage size is two times n bytes.

binary(n)

Fixed-length binary data with a maximum length of 8000 bytes. Default length = 1.

Storage size is fixed, which is the length in bytes declared in the type.

varbinary(n)

Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 8000 bytes. Default length = 1.

Storage size varies. It is the length of the value in bytes.

image¹

Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 2^30–1 (1,073,741,823) bytes.

Storage is the length of the value in bytes.

uniqueidentifier

A globally unique identifier (GUID). Storage size is 16 bytes.

IDENTITY [(s, i)]

This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type.

Only data columns of the integer data types can be used for identity columns. A table can have only one identity column. A seed and increment can be specified and the column cannot be updated.

s (seed) = starting value

i(increment) = increment value

ROWGUIDCOL

This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type. It is a column in a table that is defined by using the uniqueidentifier data type. A table can have only one ROWGUIDCOL column.

Timestamp/rowversion

This is an automatically generated unique binary number.

Storage size is 8 bytes.

 

在SQL Server Compact 4.0中,当Ntext 和 image 数据超过256 bytes 时将会保存到一个新的数据页。这会影响到数据库的密度,因为SQL Server Compact 4.0 数据库是按页方式面不是按字节方式来压缩的。

创建工程

新建一个Windows Phone工程,最好是MVVM工程,也就是选择新建工程中的Windows Phone Databound Application 模板直接生成或者手工创建MVVM工程。创建好后,将System.Data.Linq命名空间引入到工程。这个命名空间所在位置\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\Silverlight\v4.0\Profile\WindowsPhone71中。

创建数据库

新建一个类继承System.Data.Linq.DataContext类,这样就可以用这个类来控制数据库了。

  1. public class MyDataContext : DataContext 
  2.     { 
  3.         public const string ConnectionStr = "Data Source=isostore:/MyDB.sdf"
  4.         public Table<MyTable> Rows
  5.         public MyDataContext() 
  6.             : base(ConnectionStr) 
  7.         { 
  8.            
  9.         } 
  10.     } 

在这个类中同时创建数据库表类。

  1. [Table
  2.     public class MyTable : INotifyPropertyChanged, INotifyPropertyChanging 
  3.     { 
  4.         private int _index; 
  5.         [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true, CanBeNull = false, IsDbGenerated = true, DbType = "INT NOT NULL Identity", AutoSync=AutoSync.OnInsert)] 
  6.         public int Index 
  7.         { 
  8.             get 
  9.             { 
  10.                 return _index; 
  11.             } 
  12.             set 
  13.             { 
  14.                 if (_index != value) 
  15.                 { 
  16.                     NotifyPropertyChanging("Index"); 
  17.                     _index = value; 
  18.                     NotifyPropertyChanged("Index"); 
  19.                 } 
  20.   
  21.             } 
  22.         } 
  23.   
  24.         private string _name; 
  25.         [Column
  26.         public string Name 
  27.         { 
  28.             get 
  29.             { 
  30.                 return _name; 
  31.             } 
  32.             set 
  33.             { 
  34.                 NotifyPropertyChanging("Name"); 
  35.                 _name = value; 
  36.                 NotifyPropertyChanged("Name"); 
  37.             } 
  38.         } 
  39.   
  40.         private String _gen; 
  41.         [Column
  42.         public String Gen 
  43.         { 
  44.             get 
  45.             { 
  46.                 return _gen; 
  47.             } 
  48.             set 
  49.             { 
  50.                 NotifyPropertyChanging("Gen"); 
  51.                 _gen = value; 
  52.                 NotifyPropertyChanged("Gen"); 
  53.             } 
  54.         } 
  55.   
  56.         private int _age; 
  57.         [Column
  58.         public int Age 
  59.         { 
  60.             get 
  61.             { 
  62.                 return _age; 
  63.             } 
  64.             set 
  65.             { 
  66.                 NotifyPropertyChanging("Age"); 
  67.                 _age = value; 
  68.                 NotifyPropertyChanged("Age"); 
  69.             } 
  70.         } 
  71.   
  72.         #region INotifyPropertyChanged Members 
  73.   
  74.         public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; 
  75.   
  76.         private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName) 
  77.         { 
  78.             if (PropertyChanged != null
  79.             { 
  80.                 PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); 
  81.             } 
  82.         } 
  83.   
  84.         #endregion 
  85.   
  86.         #region INotifyPropertyChanging Members 
  87.   
  88.         public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging; 
  89.   
  90.         private void NotifyPropertyChanging(string propertyName) 
  91.         { 
  92.             if (PropertyChanging != null
  93.             { 
  94.                 PropertyChanging(this, new PropertyChangingEventArgs(propertyName)); 
  95.             } 
  96.         } 
  97.   
  98.         #endregion 
  99.     } 

操作数据库

新建一个ViewModel类,在这个类中实现数据库的操作。在这个类中实现了对数据的选择、保存、更新和删除。在对数据库的操作因为不能直接使用Transact_SQL,所以操作都是通过LINQ来完成的。

  1. MyDataContext _DB; 
  2. public void SelectData() 
  3.         { 
  4.             if (IsAddedToDB) 
  5.             { 
  6.                 if (_DB.DatabaseExists()) 
  7.                 { 
  8.                     IEnumerator<MyTable> enumerator = _DB.Rows.GetEnumerator(); 
  9.                     while (enumerator.MoveNext()) 
  10.                     { 
  11.                         this.Items.Add(enumerator.Current); 
  12.                     } 
  13.   
  14.                     IsAddedToDB = false
  15.   
  16.                 } 
  17.             } 
  18.            
  19.         } 
  20.   
  21.         public bool SaveData(MyTable table
  22.         { 
  23.             try 
  24.             { 
  25.                 this.Items.Add(table); 
  26.                 _DB.Rows.InsertOnSubmit(table); 
  27.                 _DB.SubmitChanges(); 
  28.             } 
  29.             catch (Exception e) 
  30.             { 
  31.                 return false
  32.             } 
  33.   
  34.             return true
  35.         } 
  36.   
  37.         public bool DeleteData(MyTable table
  38.         { 
  39.             try 
  40.             { 
  41.                 if (_DB.DatabaseExists()) 
  42.                 { 
  43.                     _DB.Rows.DeleteOnSubmit(table); 
  44.                     _DB.SubmitChanges(); 
  45.                     this.Items.Remove(table); 
  46.                 } 
  47.             } 
  48.             catch (Exception e) 
  49.             { 
  50.                 return false
  51.             } 
  52.   
  53.             return true
  54.         } 
  55.   
  56.         public bool UpdateData(MyTable source, MyTable dest) 
  57.         { 
  58.             try 
  59.             { 
  60.                 var tables = from item in this.Items where (int)item.Index == source.Index select item; 
  61.   
  62.                 foreach (MyTable mt in tables) 
  63.                 { 
  64.                     mt.Name = dest.Name
  65.                     mt.Age = dest.Age; 
  66.                     mt.Gen = dest.Gen; 
  67.                     break; 
  68.                 } 
  69.   
  70.                 MyTable table = _DB.Rows.GetOriginalEntityState(source); 
  71.                 table.Name = dest.Name
  72.                 table.Age = dest.Age; 
  73.                 table.Gen = dest.Gen; 
  74.                 _DB.SubmitChanges(); 
  75.             } 
  76.             catch (Exception e) 
  77.             { 
  78.                 return false
  79.             } 
  80.   
  81.             return true
  82.         } 

下是运行效果:

运行效果

运行效果

运行效果

运行效果

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/randylee/archive/2011/06/13/2080167.html

责任编辑:佚名 来源: cnblogs
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