1.1 先决条件
a. Linux内核 >=V2.4.0-test8
b. cdrecord V1.10a4 (http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html)
c. usbmgr V0.3.5 (http://www.wonder.ne.jp/~shuu/usbmgr/)
d. modutils-2.3.15 或者更新的版本 (非常重要!)
e. 装有HP CD-Writer Plus 8210e刻录机的电脑
1.2 第一步
请先查看你的BIOS里面的设置，看是否已经允许使用usb接口。如果你用同一台电脑，并且在MS Win下面可以正常得使用这个刻录机，
那你可以省去检查BIOS这一步。
1.3 给Linux做准备工作
你必须对编译和升级内核100％的熟悉。如果你对此是个新手的话，那你要当心。因为你可能造成旧内核的丢失或者不能引导等问题。
我建议使用模块化的内核配置，因此你要对"insmod","lsmod","modprobe","depmod"等命令非常的熟悉。
1.3.1 menuconfig
下面的是我配置内核时所选的选项：
Code maturity level options -->-
[*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
Loadable module support --->
[*] Enable loadable module support
[*] Set version information on all module symbols
[*] Kernel module loader
Block devices --->
Loopback device support
SCSI support --->
SCSI support
SCSI disk support
SCSI CD-ROM support
[*] Enable vendor-specific extensions (for SCSI CDROM)
(2) Maximum number of CDROM devices that can be loaded as modules
SCSI generic support
[*] Enable extra checks in new queueing code
[*] Verbose SCSI error reporting (kernel size +=12K)
[*] SCSI logging facility
SCSI low-level drivers --->
deactivate any SCSI-Device you don have!
File systems --->
ISO 9660 CDROM file system support
[*] Microsoft Joliet CDROM extensions
[*] /proc file system support
UDF file system support (read only)
USB support --->
Support for USB
[*] USB verbose debug messages
[*] Preliminary USB device filesystem
[*] Enforce USB bandwidth allocation (EXPERIMENTAL)
--- USB Controllers
UHCI (Intel PIIX4, VIA, ...) support
<> OHCI (Compaq, iMacs, OPTi, SiS, ALi, ...) support
Select the correct USB Controller for your System!!!!!!
USB Mass Storage support
这些就是所以和配置使用我的HP CD-Writer Plus 8210e刻录机有关的选项。我用的是V2.4.0-test8的内核。
编译的时候会有大量的编译调试信息，如果正常的话他们可以不管他们，但如果发生问题的时候，他们可以帮助你查找的原因。
再次警告：如果你对配置和安装新内核不是很熟悉的话建议要当心，这样是有一定风险的。
1.3.2安装模块
当你的新内核和模块编译完成后，你会在modules目录下面发现下面这些模块文件：
cd /lib/modules/2.4.0-test8
cd kernel
ls fs/isofs
isofs.o
ls drivers/cdrom
cdrom.o
ls drivers/scsi
scsi_mod.o sd.o sg.o sr_mod.o
ls drivers/usb
storage usb-uhci.o usbcore.o
ls drivers/usb/storage
usb-storage.o
重新启动！
1.4 下面的步骤
下载usbmgr包，解压缩并阅读README文件。在解压后的目录里用make进行编译。然后make install。现在我们配置usbmgr的
配置文件usbmgr.conf，它放在/etc/usbmgr目录下。编辑这个文件，进行下面几步：
a) 去掉在HOST CONTROLLER这节里面的某个host选项前面的注释符"#".在我的计算机上是这样设置的: host usb-uhci
b) 把下面三行加到STORAGE一节里的vendor 0x3f0 product 0x107这个模块的最后。
scsi_mod, sr_mod, usb-storage
现在你要运行"update_usbdb"这个命令：update_usedb usbmgr.conf
接下去运行"usbmgr"命令。这个命令在后台执行，所以你看不到任何结果输出。但是你可以通过查看messages文件来查看运行情况:
tail -n50 /var/log/messages
#p#
正常的输出应该像这样的：
Sep 15 12:55:28 usbmgr[326]: start 0.3.5
Sep 15 12:55:28 usbmgr[328]: open error "/etc/usbmgr/preload.conf"
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: registered new driver usbdevfs
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: registered new driver hub
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb-uhci.c: $Revision: 1.237 $ time 11:07:02 Sep 10 2000
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb-uhci.c: High bandwidth mode enabled
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb-uhci.c: USB UHCI at I/O 0xfce0, IRQ 10
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb-uhci.c: Detected 2 ports
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: USB new device connect, assigned device number 1
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: kmalloc IF c2e1f760, numif 1
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: new device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: USB device number 1 default language ID 0x0
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: Product: USB UHCI Root Hub
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: SerialNumber: fce0
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: USB hub found
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: 2 ports detected
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: ganged power switching
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: standalone hub
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: global over-current protection
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: power on to power good time: 2ms
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: hub controller current requirement: 0mA
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: port 1 is removable
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: port 2 is removable
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: local power source is good
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: no over-current condition exists
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: hub.c: enabling power on all ports
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: hub driver claimed interface c2e1f760
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: kusbd: /sbin/hotplug add 1
Sep 15 12:55:28 kernel: usb.c: kusbd policy returned 0x0
Sep 15 12:55:28 usbmgr[328]: "usb-uhci" was loaded
Sep 15 12:55:28 usbmgr[332]: mount /proc/bus/usb
Sep 15 12:55:28 usbmgr[328]: USB device is matched the configuration
Sep 15 12:55:28 usbmgr[328]: "none" isn loaded
这里还有两个文件需要查看：
a) cat /proc/interrupts
CPU0
0: 991954 XT-PIC timer
1: 19880 XT-PIC keyboard
2: 0 XT-PIC cascade
8: 2 XT-PIC rtc
9: 14 XT-PIC Cirrus Logic PD 6832, Cirrus Logic PD 6832 (#2)
10: 42 XT-PIC usb-uhci
12: 243881 XT-PIC PS/2 Mouse
13: 0 XT-PIC fpu
14: 16314 XT-PIC ide0
NMI: 0
ERR: 0
结果：可以看到usb-uchi已经起来了，并且被分配了一个中断：这里是：int10
b) lsmod
usb-uhci 21708 0 (unused)
usbcore 49856 1 [usb-uhci]
nfsd 69928 4 (autoclean)
lockd 49340 1 (autoclean) [nfsd]
sunrpc 58244 1 (autoclean) [nfsd lockd]
unix 14372 37 (autoclean)
结果：模块"usb-uhci"和"usbcore"应该在这里罗列。
1.5. 试一下热插拔
把带电的HP CD-Writer Plus 8210e 刻录机插到你主机的USB接口上。这样就会触动usbmgr程序来引导必须的模块。让我们
先查看一下：tail -n50 /var/log/messages。新的输出应该是报告热插拔这个事件的,所以显示像下面这样：
Sep 15 13:13:07 kernel: hub.c: port 1 connection change
Sep 15 13:13:07 kernel: hub.c: portstatus 101, change 1, 12 Mb/s
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: hub.c: portstatus 103, change 0, 12 Mb/s
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: USB new device connect, assigned device number 2
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: kmalloc IF c2e1f660, numif 1
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: new device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: USB device number 2 default language ID 0x409
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Manufacturer: Shuttle Technology Inc.
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Product: HP USB CD-Writer Plus
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: unhandled interfaces on device
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: USB device 2 (prod/vend 0x3f0/0x107) is not claimed [..]
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Length = 18
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: DescriptorType = 01
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: USB version = 1.00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Vendor:Product = 03f0:0107
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: MaxPacketSize0 = 64
?ep 15 13:13:08 kernel: NumConfigurations = 1
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Device version = 2.00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Device Class:SubClass:Protocol = 00:00:00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Per-interface classes
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Configuration:
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bLength = 9
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bDescriptorType = 02
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: wTotalLength = 0027
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bNumInterfaces = 01
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bConfigurationValue = 01
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: iConfiguration = 03
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bmAttributes = 40
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: MaxPower = 0mA
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel:
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Interface: 0
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Alternate Setting: 0
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bLength = 9
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bDescriptorType = 04
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bInterfaceNumber = 00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bAlternateSetting = 00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bNumEndpoints = 03
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bInterface Class:SubClass:Protocol = ff:00:00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: iInterface = 04
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Endpoint:
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bLength = 7
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bDescriptorType = 05
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bEndpointAddress = 01 (out)
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bmAttributes = 02 (Bulk)
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: wMaxPacketSize = 0040
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bInterval = 00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Endpoint:
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bLength = 7
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bDescriptorType = 05
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bEndpointAddress = 82 (in)
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bmAttributes = 02 (Bulk)
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: wMaxPacketSize = 0040
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bInterval = 00
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: Endpoint:
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bLength = 7
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bDescriptorType = 05
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bEndpointAddress = 83 (in)
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bmAttributes = 03 (Interrupt)
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: wMaxPacketSize = 0002
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: bInterval = 20
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: kusbd: /sbin/hotplug add 2
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: kusbd policy returned 0x0
Sep 15 13:13:08 usbmgr[328]: USB device is matched the configuration
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: scsi : 1 host.
Sep 15 13:15:55 kernel: Vendor: HP Model: CD-Writer+ 8200 Rev: 1.0f
#p#
Sep 15 13:15:55 kernel: Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Sep 15 13:15:55 kernel: Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
Sep 15 13:15:55 kernel: sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 8x/24x writer cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray
Sep 15 13:15:55 kernel: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.11
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: USB Mass Storage device found at 2
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: usb.c: usb-storage driver claimed interface c2e1f660
Sep 15 13:13:08 kernel: USB Mass Storage support registered.
Sep 15 13:13:08 usbmgr[328]: "scsi_mod" was loaded
Sep 15 13:13:08 usbmgr[328]: "sr_mod" was loaded
Sep 15 13:13:08 usbmgr[328]: "usb-storage" was loaded
请先检查这行：USB device 2 (prod/vend 0x3f0/0x107)...，如果你得到的是同样的ID号(0x3f0/0x107)，那就说明你安装
的是HP8210e，如果你得到的ID是(0x3f0/0x207)，那么说明你安装的是HP8230e，它还没有被支持。
下面的12行十分重要。在"scsi: 1 host:"之后显示的是这个刻录机的有关信息。
"Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0"这行告诉你你的刻录机已经被系统发现，并且设备名称是
/dev/sr0。在其他的linux版本里可能会是/dev/scd0。这两个是没有区别的。看messages文件里面显示的什么就是什么了。
可能是我的电脑太旧了，有的时候这个过程不一定成功，如果你发现信息里面没有出现供应商的名称，那你就需要重新插拔一次。两三次
后应该就没有问题了。
1.6 测试
初次的测试可以是放一张普通的光盘到刻录机里，然后mount上去:mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/sr0。
接下去就是测试刻录了：(cdrtools-1.10a04 这个包应该事先已经装好)，用cdrecord -scanbus 可以查看刻录机信息：
Cdrecord 1.10a04 (i586-pc-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2000 J??Schilling
Linux sg driver version: 3.1.16
Using libscg version schily-0.4
scsibus0:
0,0,0 0) HP CD-Writer+ 8200 1.0f Removable CD-ROM
0,1,0 1) *
0,2,0 2) *
0,3,0 3) *
0,4,0 4) *
0,5,0 5) *
0,6,0 6) *
0,7,0 7) *
如果想看更多的信息，可以用：cdrecord -prcap -inq dev=0,0,0 返回的是：
Cdrecord 1.10a04 (i586-pc-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2000 J??Schilling
scsidev: ,0,0
scsibus: 0 target: 0 lun: 0
Linux sg driver version: 3.1.16
Using libscg version schily-0.4
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 2
Response Format: 1
Vendor_info : HP
Identifikation : CD-Writer+ 8200
Revision : 1.0f
Device seems to be: Generic mmc CD-RW.
Drive capabilities, per page 2A:
Does read CD-R media
Does write CD-R media
Does read CD-RW media
Does write CD-RW media
Does not read DVD-ROM media
Does not read DVD-R media
Does not write DVD-R media
Does not read DVD-RAM media
Does not write DVD-RAM media
Does support test writing
Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks
Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks
Does read digital audio blocks
Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately
Does not support BURN-Proof (Sanyo)
Does read multi-session CDs
Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2
Does not read CD bar code
Does not read R-W subcode information
Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in
Does return CD media catalog number
Does return CD ISRC information
Does not support C2 error pointers
Does not deliver composite A/V data
Does play audio CDs
Number of volume control levels: 256
Does support individual volume control setting for each channel
Does support independent mute setting for each channel
Does not support digital output on port 1
Does not support digital output on port 2
Loading mechanism type: tray
Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command
Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper
Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command
Is not currently in a media-locked state
Does not support changing side of disk
Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature
Does not support Individual Disk Present feature
Maximum read speed in kB/s: 4234
Current read speed in kB/s: 4234
Maximum write speed in kB/s: 706
Current write speed in kB/s: 706
Buffer size in KB: 2048
现在我们准备刻录了。我用的是cdrtools-1.10a04软件包。当然事先要看一下README文件。做的第一个测试是：(先放一张新的刻录盘)
mkisofs -L -l -J -r file1 file2 dir1 dir2 | cdrecord -v -pad -eject -dummy -nofix fs=4m speed=4 dev=0,0,0 -
这个命令把file1,file2,dir1,dir2做成一个iso9660格式的镜像文件，它使用了-J,-r参数，并通过管道直接传给cdrecord程序。
cdrecord程序会按照冗余模式测试写完整个光盘。但这个只是测试，并没有真正的写到刻录盘上。这个命令使用了4M的RAM作为buff，
并使用了4速刻录，使用的设备是scsi-device 0,0,0.请注意最后的那个破折号"-"，它告诉cdrecord数据是来自于管道的。请查看这个
测试刻录是不是有问题。请记住一点：一张光盘的最大容量是650M，在你刻录前请先查看要刻录的容量。
真正的刻录命令应该是：
mkisofs -L -l -J -r file1 file2 dir1 dir2 | cdrecord -v -pad -eject fs=4m speed=4 dev=0,0,0 -
你要把-dummy -nofix 这两个参数去掉。
如果你用新的CD－RW光盘就需要用下面这个命令：
mkisofs -L -l -J -r file1 file2 dir1 dir2 | cdrecord -v -pad -eject blank=fast fs=4m speed=4 dev=0,0,0 -
这个命令中的blank=fast参数将把CD-RW上的数据全部抹去，所以要当心使用。还要注意：千万不要在刻录的时候进行热插拔。
这样会造成光盘甚至你的linux系统的破坏。所以记住在拔掉前一定要先取出光盘，以防万一。
1.8 链接
Linux USB-ProjectLinux-CD-Writing-HOWTO
通过上文我们知道了如何在Linux下使用刻录机，赶快去跟朋友分享吧。
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