在涉及到SQL Server编程或是管理时一定会用到数据的导入与导出, 导入导出的方法有多种,结合我在做项目时的经历做一下汇总:
1. SQL Server导入导出向导,这种方式是最方便的.
导入向导,微软提供了多种数据源驱动,包括SQL Server Native Cliant, OLE DB For Oracle,Flat File Source,Access,Excel,XML等,基本上可以满足系统开发的需求.
同样导出向导也有同样多的目的源驱动,可以把数据导入到不同的目的源.
对数据库管理人员来说这种方式简单容易操作,导入时SQL Server也会帮你建立相同结构的Table.
2. 用.NET的代码实现(比如有一个txt或是excel的档案,到读取到DB中)
2.1 最为常见的就是循环读取txt的内容,然后一条一条的塞入到Table中.这里不再赘述.
2.2 集合整体读取,使用OLEDB驱动.
代码如下:
- string strOLEDBConnect = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:\1\;
- Extended Properties='text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited'";
- OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strOLEDBConnect);conn.Open();
- SQLstmt = "select * from 1.txt";
- //读取.txt中的数据DataTable dt=new DataTable();
- OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(SQLstmt, conn);da.Fill(dt);
- //在DataSet的指定范围中添加或刷新行以匹配使用DataSet、DataTable
- 和IDataReader 名称的数据源中的行。
- if(dt.Rows.Count>0)
- foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
- {
- SQLstmt = "insert into MyTable values('" + dr..."
语法:
- bcp {[[database_name.][schema].]{table_name | view_name} | "query"}
- {in | out | queryout | format} data_file
- [-mmax_errors] [-fformat_file] [-x] [-eerr_file]
- [-Ffirst_row] [-Llast_row] [-bbatch_size]
- [-ddatabase_name] [-n] [-c] [-N] [-w] [-V (70 | 80 | 90 )]
- [-q] [-C { ACP | OEM | RAW | code_page } ]
- [-tfield_term]
- [-rrow_term] [-iinput_file] [-ooutput_file] [-apacket_size]
- [-S [server_name[\instance_name]]] [-Ulogin_id] [-Ppassword]
- [-T] [-v] [-R] [-k] [-E] [-h"hint [,...n]"]
如:
如:
4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允许直接导入数据
语法:
- BULK INSERT
- [ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ]
- FROM 'data_file'
- [ WITH ( [ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ]
- [ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ]
- [ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
- [ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE =
- { 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ]
- [ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ]
- [ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ]
- [ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ]
- [ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ]
- [ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ]
- [ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ]
- [ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ]
- [ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ]
- [ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ]
- [ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ]
- [ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
- [ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ]
- [ [ , ] TABLOCK ]
- [ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ] )]
FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符
FIRSTROW:第一个数据行
ROWTERMINATOR:行终结符
如:
- BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest
- FROM 'C:\ImportData.txt'
- WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )
5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB连接的信息和其它导入方法不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作为一个目标表参与INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.
语法:
- OPENROWSET
- ( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password'
- | 'provider_string' }
- , { [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object
- | 'query' }
- | BULK 'data_file',
- { FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [ <bulk_options> ]
- | SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }} )<bulk_options> ::=
- [ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
- [ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
- [ , FIRSTROW = first_row ]
- [ , LASTROW = last_row ]
- [ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ]
- [ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
- INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
- SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
- 'Excel 8.0;Database=C:\ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]' WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL)
6.OPENDATASOURCE
语法:
- OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string )
- INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
- SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
- 'Data Source=C:\ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]
7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基础上执行的查询.所以执行之前必须先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的结果集可以作为一个table参与DML的操作.
语法:
- OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query')
- EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData',
- 'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
- 'C:\ImportData.xls',
- NULL,
- 'Excel 8.0'
- GO
- INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
- SELECT *
- FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')
以上只是简单总结的一些DB数据导入导出的方法及其一些简单的实例,希望对你实践中会有所帮助.
原文标题:SQL Server数据导入导出的几种方法
链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/changbluesky/archive/2010/06/23/1761779.html
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