Linux samba对于电脑使用的玩家的常用软件,然后我就学习及深入的研究Linux samba,在这里和大家一起探讨Linux samba的使用方法,希望对大家有用。Linux samba服务器的设置笔记 .
环境:
- Linux OS:Fedora10
- Samba:sambe3.2.4
1.查看系统默认的Linux samba版本号
登录FEDORA10后,使用
- [root@localhost ~] whereis samba
- samba: /etc/samba /usr/lib/samba /usr/share/man/man7/samba.7.gz
- [root@localhost ~] rpm qa samba
- samba3.2.40.22.fc10.i386
- [root@localhost ~]
已经安装了Linux samba3.2.4版本,不需要再手工安装,这是系统默认装的,可以用service smb start启动samba服务;
之前在CentOS5.3上手工装的Linux samba可以先删除掉,且将/etc/profile文件中的PATH变量恢复原样,以及将/etc/man.config文件恢复原样;使用系统默认的Linux samba服务和配置文件去设置;
2.设置smb.conf文件
参考文章http://doc.chinahtml.com/manual/rhlcgzh_cn9/s1sambaconfiguring.html命令行配置要指定 Windows 工作组和对它的简短描述,编辑 smb.conf 文件中的以下几行:
- workgroup WORKGROUPNAME
- server string BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER
把 WORKGROUPNAME 换成你的机器所属的 Windows 工作组名。BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER 是可选的,它被用作关于 Samba 系统的 Windows 注释。
要在你的 Linux 系统上创建 Linux samba 共享目录,在 smb.conf 文件中添加以下几行(根据你和你的系统需要修改了该文件之后):
- [sharename] 共享文件夹的显示名称
- comment Insert a comment here comment注释
- path /home/share/ 共享的物理路径
- valid users tfox carole 共享文件的可访问用户,此项一般是在“security user”情况下;
- public no 不公开
- writable yes 可写
- printable no 不可打印
- create mask 0765 默认建立文件的权限
以下为我的文件(security user 时):
- [sharename]
- comment Insert a comment here (test)
- path /home/share/
- valid users chenxin
- public no
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
3.“smbpasswd的添加”以及“物理路径下文件权限的修改”:
之后通过//192.168.0.61访问,发现无论输入哪个帐户,都无法访问;之后用:smbpasswd a chenxin 输入新的密码后(我设置了一个和系统用户chenxin的密码一样的smb密码chenxin2006@),再重启smb服务,即可以访问Linux samba服务器了,但内部文件夹内还是无法创建文件:
原因是/home/share 文件夹的权限是755,所以将/home/share文件夹的权限更改为777,问题解决。同时,利用默认的chenxin账户去访问时,在默认共享出来的/home/chenxin文件夹中,可以任意增删文件;
4.匿名访问的权限问题以及匿名访问的smb.conf文件的修改
之后查找匿名访问并可随意读写的问题:在配置文件中,添加如下语句,
- [anonymity]
- comment Anonymity
- path /home/anonymity
- public yes
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
这样,就可以通过匿名账号访问/home/anonymity文件夹了,而且不需要账号密码,就具有了读写权限,同时,原先的/home/share文件夹是需要用户验证的,所以share文件夹访问不了,会提示输入guest账号的密码;
其他:尝试以下内容在系统里新建了一个Guest账号,密码设置为chenxin2006@,且用smbpasswd a Guest添加了smb的密码,***在/etc/samba/smb.conf文件的[sharename]位置后,也就是修改为 valid users chenxin Guest 后,在访问sharename文件夹,windows系统跳出来的用户身份验证信息中,用户名仍然是灰色的“Guest”,密码栏无论怎么输入,都访问不了,这可能和windows系统有关系吧;
默认情况下,在添加系统账号后,/home下生成的用户主目录的权限是700,故在设定其他账号访问此目录下的子文件夹的时候,请注意权限问题!
5.说明
为注释文件;为用户可能需要启用的功能;系统中默认安装的samba3.2.4版本的smb.conf文件中有很多比较好的例程,可以加以修改采用;同时,smb.conf中有很多解释语句,更好的理解配置文件;
附录我的smb.conf整个文件内容:
- This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
- smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
- here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
- many!) most of which are not shown in this example
- For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,
- read the SambaHOWTOCollection. This may be obtained from:
- http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaHOWTOCollection.pdf
- Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the
- SambaGuide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:
- http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaGuide.pdf
- Any line which starts with a ; (semicolon) or a (hash)
- is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a
- for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
- may wish to enable
- NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
- to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
SELINUX NOTES:
- If you want to use the useradd/groupadd family of binaries please run:
- setsebool P samba_domain_controller on
- If you want to share home directories via samba please run:
- setsebool P samba_enable_home_dirs on
- If you create a new directory you want to share you should mark it as
- "sambashare_t" so that selinux will let you write into it.
- Make sure not to do that on system directories as they may already have
- been marked with othe SELinux labels.
- Use ls ldZ /path to see which context a directory has
- Set labels only on directories you created!
- To set a label use the following: chcon t samba_share_t /path
- If you need to share a system created directory you can use one of the
- following (readonly/readwrite):
- setsebool P samba_export_all_ro on
- or
- setsebool P samba_export_all_rw on
- If you want to run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...) please
- put them into the /var/lib/samba/scripts directory so that smbd will be
- allowed to run them.
- Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE them so that the right SELinux context
- is applied, to check all is ok use restorecon R v /var/lib/samba/scripts
Global Settings
- [global]
- Netwrok Related Options
- workgroup NTDomainName or WorkgroupName, eg: MIDEARTH
- server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
- netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname
- Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
- If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones
- you want to listen on (never omit localhost)
- Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can
- specifiy it as a per share option as well
- workgroup MYGROUPCHENXIN
- server string Chenxin Samba Server Version %v
- ; netbios name MYSERVER
- ; interfaces lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
- ; hosts allow 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.
Logging Options
- Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.
- Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach
- logs split per machine
- log file /var/log/samba/log.%m
- max 50KB per log file, then rotate
- max log size 50
Standalone Server Options
- Scurity can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)
- Backend to store user information in. New installations should
- use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
- compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
- security user
- security share
- passdb backend tdbsam
- Domain Members Options
- Security must be set to domain or ads
- Use the realm option only with security ads
- Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
- Backend to store user information in. New installations should
- use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
- compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
- Use password server option only with security server or if you can't
- use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
- The argument list may include:
- password server My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
- or to autolocate the domain controller/s
- password server *
- ; security domain
- ; passdb backend tdbsam
- ; realm MY_REALM
- ; password server <NTServerName>
Domain Controller Options
- Security must be set to user for domain controllers
- Backend to store user information in. New installations should
- use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
- compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
- Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
- allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
- if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
- Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.
- Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client
- You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON
- Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)
- Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or standalone
- machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
- ; security user
- ; passdb backend tdbsam
- ; domain master yes
- ; domain logons yes
- the login script name depends on the machine name
- ; logon script %m.bat
- the login script name depends on the unix user used
- ; logon script %u.bat
- ; logon path \\%L\Profiles\%u
- disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
- ; logon path
- ; add user script /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" n g users
- ; add group script /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
- ; add machine script /usr/sbin/useradd n c "Workstation (%u)" M d /nohome s /bin/false "%u"
- ; delete user script /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
- ; delete user from group script /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
- ; delete group script /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"
Browser Control Options
- set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
- browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
- OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
- elections. The default value should be reasonable
- Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
- and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
- ; local master no
- ; os level 33
- ; preferred master yes
- Name Resolution
- Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
- Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
- WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
- WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
- WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
- behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
- at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
- DNS Proxy tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
- via DNS nslookups.
- ; wins support yes
- ; wins server w.x.y.z
- ; wins proxy yes
- ; dns proxy yes
Printing Options
- Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather
- than setting them up individually
- Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw
- for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients
- Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file
- You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option
- load printers yes
- cups options raw
- ; printcap name /etc/printcap
- obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV
- ; printcap name lpstat
- ; printing cups
Filesystem Options
- The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports
- Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option
- user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes
- in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.
- Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global
- makes them the default for all shares
- ; map archive no
- ; map hidden no
- ; map read only no
- ; map system no
- ; store dos attributes yes
Share Definitions
- [homes]
- comment Home Directories
- browseable no
- writable yes
- ; valid users %S
- ; valid users MYDOMAIN\%S
- [printers]
- comment All Printers
- path /var/spool/samba
- browseable no
- guest ok no
- writable no
- printable yes
- Uncomment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
- ; [netlogon]
- ; comment Network Logon Service
- ; path /var/lib/samba/netlogon
- ; guest ok yes
- ; writable no
- ; share modes no
- Uncomment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
- the default is to use the user's home directory
- ; [Profiles]
- ; path /var/lib/samba/profiles
- ; browseable no
- ; guest ok yes
- A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
- the "staff" group
- ; [public]
- ; comment Public Stuff
- ; path /home/samba
- ; public yes
- ; writable yes
- ; printable no
- ; write list +staff
- [sharename]
- comment Insert a comment here 锛坱est锛?path /home/share/
- valid users chenxin
- public no
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
- [anonymity]
- comment Anonymity
- path /home/anonymity
- public yes
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
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