作为一个经验丰富的编程人员,想必对C++编程语言一定有所了解。因为这一语言已经成为开发领域中一个重要的应用语言。下面大家可以根据本文对C++赋值函数的理解,进一步加深对C++语言的了解程度。
C++的拷贝函数和C++赋值函数既有联系又有区别,不细究的话很容易搞混,遂以小例示之如下,权作解惑之用。
C++赋值函数相关代码示例:
- // test.cpp
- #include <iostream>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- class Book
- {
- public:
- Book(const char *name, const char*author, const double price):
price(price) {- this->name = new char[strlen(name)+1];
- this->author = new char[strlen(author)+1];
- strcpy(this->name, name);
- strcpy(this->author,author);
- }
- Book(const Book& book){
- name = new char[strlen(book.name)+1];
- author = new char[strlen(book.author)+1];
- price = book.price;
- strcpy(name, book.name);
- strcpy(author, book.author);
- }
- Book& operator=(const Book& rhs) {
- Book(rhs).swap(*this); // 先创建临时对象Book(rhs),
再调用下面的swap进行数据交换,- // 注意与*this交换数据的是临时对象, rhs并未修改,只是swap
- // 结束后临时对象拥有了*this的数据, 而*this也拥有了由rhs
- // 构造的临时对象的数据, 临时对象生命期结束时,*this的数据
- // 会被销毁。
- return *this;
- }
- ~Book(){
- delete[] name;
- delete[] author;
- }
- private:
- Book& swap(Book& rhs) {
- double temp = rhs.price;
- rhs.price = price;
- price = temp;
- std::swap(name, rhs.name);
// std::swap()只是简单的交换指针的值- std::swap(author, rhs.author);
- return *this;
- }
- public:
- char* name;
- char* author;
- double price;
- };
- int main() {
- Book a("The C++ standard library", "Nicolai M. Josuttis", 98);
- Book b = a; // 对象b不存在, 拷贝构造函数在这里被调用
- Book c("Emacs Lisp manual", "stallman", 0);
- c = a; // c对象已经存在, C++赋值函数(operator=)在这里被调用
- cout << a.name << endl;
- cout << a.author << endl;
- cout << a.price << endl << endl;
- cout << b.name << endl;
- cout << b.author << endl;
- cout << b.price << endl << endl;
- cout << c.name << endl;
- cout << c.author << endl;
- cout << c.price << endl;
- }
编译:
- g++ -o test test.cpp
运行结果:
- The C++ standard library
- Nicolai M. Josuttis
- 98
- The C++ standard library
- Nicolai M. Josuttis
- 98
- The C++ standard library
- Nicolai M. Josuttis
- 98
以上就是对C++赋值函数的相关介绍。
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