Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于Spring事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
11.     <bean id="sessionFactory"   
12.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   
13.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />   
14.         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
15.     </bean>   
16.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->   
17.     <bean id="transactionManager" 
18.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
19.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
20.     </bean> 
21.     <!-- 配置DAO --> 
22.     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
23.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
24.     </bean> 
25.     <bean id="userDao"   
26.         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">   
27.            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->   
28.            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />      
29.         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
30.          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> 
31.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->   
32.         <property name="transactionAttributes">   
33.             <props>   
34.                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
35.             </props>   
36.         </property>   
37.     </bean>   
38. </beans> 

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
11.     <bean id="sessionFactory"   
12.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   
13.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />   
14.         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
15.     </bean>   
16.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->   
17.     <bean id="transactionManager" 
18.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
19.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
20.     </bean> 
21.     <bean id="transactionBase"   
22.             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"   
23.             lazy-init="true" abstract="true">   
24.         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->   
25.         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />   
26.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->   
27.         <property name="transactionAttributes">   
28.             <props>   
29.                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   
30.             </props>   
31.         </property>   
32.     </bean> 
33.     <!-- 配置DAO --> 
34.     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
35.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
36.     </bean> 
37.     <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >   
38.         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />    
39.     </bean> 
40. </beans> 

第三种方式：使用拦截器

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
11.     <bean id="sessionFactory"   
12.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   
13.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />   
14.         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
15.     </bean>   
16.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->   
17.     <bean id="transactionManager" 
18.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
19.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
20.     </bean>   
21.     
22.     <bean id="transactionInterceptor"   
23.         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">   
24.         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />   
25.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->   
26.         <property name="transactionAttributes">   
27.             <props>   
28.                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   
29.             </props>   
30.         </property>   
31.     </bean> 
32.     <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">   
33.         <property name="beanNames">   
34.             <list>   
35.                 <value>*Dao</value> 
36.             </list>   
37.         </property>   
38.         <property name="interceptorNames">   
39.             <list>   
40.                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>   
41.             </list>   
42.         </property>   
43.     </bean>   
44.     <!-- 配置DAO --> 
45.     <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
46.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
47.     </bean> 
48. </beans> 

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
6.     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
7.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
12.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx                                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
14.     <context:annotation-config /> 
15.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
16.     <bean id="sessionFactory"   
17.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   
18.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />   
19.         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
20.     </bean>   
21.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->   
22.     <bean id="transactionManager" 
23.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
24.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
25.     </bean> 
26.     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> 
27.         <tx:attributes> 
28.             <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> 
29.         </tx:attributes> 
30.     </tx:advice> 
31.     <aop:config> 
32.         <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" 
33.             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
34.         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" 
35.             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />         
36.     </aop:config>       
37. </beans> 

第五种方式：全注解

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
6.     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
7.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
12.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx                                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
14.     <context:annotation-config /> 
15.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
16.     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> 
17.     <bean id="sessionFactory"   
18.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   
19.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />   
20.         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
21.     </bean>   
22.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->   
23.     <bean id="transactionManager" 
24.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
25.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
26.     </bean> 
27. </beans> 

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

1. package com.bluesky.spring.dao;  
2. import java.util.List;  
3. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;  
4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
5. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;  
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  
7. import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;  
8. @Transactional  
9. @Component("userDao")  
10. public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {  
11.     public List<User> listUsers() {  
12.         return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();  
13.     }     
14. } 

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